◖The effect of sleep and autonomic activity in cardiovascular disease
根據過去研究,心血管疾病患者經常伴隨睡眠品質較差和自律神經失調症狀,其中睡眠呼吸中止症 (Sleep apnea, SA) 將造成心肌梗塞(Myocardial infarction, MI)患者睡眠時的交感神經活性上升,使睡眠品質下降及二次心血管的機率上升。在大鼠實驗,我們藉由腎上腺神經消融術(Renal denervation, RDN),已經被證實有效減緩心血管疾病症狀之手術,顯著地改善MI後大鼠交感神經亢奮及睡眠干擾增加的病理現象,證實RDN對MI患者穩定自律神經的重要性。此外,我們進一步探討血管緊張素轉換酶抑製劑 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEI)改善MI後睡眠呼吸異常及品質之機轉,發現ACEI除顯著降低交感神經活性外,亦減少MI後睡眠的呼吸問題,顯示ACEI對MI患者可能藉由穩定自律神經活性及呼吸,間接改善睡眠問題。
另在中風患者的研究中,發現近70%患有SA,且可能造成較差的預後,如較長住院時間和二次心血管事件發生等等,以動物實驗模擬臨床SA之間歇性缺氧(Intermittent hypoxia, IH)及中風之中大腦動脈阻塞手術(Middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO),發現IH造成之交感神經活性上升及歧異睡眠(快速動眼期)時間減少,與MCAO後的感覺行為及腦損傷有相關性,顯示SA造成之睡眠及自律神經問題可能加劇中風後患者的病理表現。
◖參考
Lin, W. L., Chen, Y. R., Lai, C. T., Yamada, S., Liu, S. H., Chou, Y. H., Fu, Y. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Lo, L. W. and Chen, S. A.* (2018) Neural mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in improving heart rate variability and sleep disturbance after myocardial infarction. Sleep Medicine 48:61-69.
Lin, W. L., Lai, C. T., Yamada, S., Liu, S. H., Cheng, W. H., Chou, Y. H., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J.*, Chen, S. A., Lo, L. W.*(2022) Effects of renal denervation on sleep apnea and arrhythmia in rats with myocardial infarction. Sleep Med. Online ahead of print.
Lin CW, Li JY, Kuo TBJ, Huang CW, Huang SS, Yang CCH. Chronic intermittent hypoxia worsens brain damage and sensorimotor behavioral abnormalities after ischemic stroke: Effect on autonomic nervous activity and sleep patterns. Brain Res. 2023 Jan 1;1798:148159.